Что говорит наука о сауне?

21.02.2023

Хотя это исключение из правила, есть доказательства того, что некоторые соединения преимущественно выводятся либо с потом, либо с выделением кожного сала. Какую пользу для здоровья это приносит, если таковая имеется, еще предстоит определить. Отчеты о случаях заболевания и одно пилотное рандомизированное контролируемое исследование оценивали некоторые аспекты в крайних случаях, но любые потенциальные преимущества смешиваются режимом, состоящим из других вмешательств. Кроме того, чрезвычайно трудно контролировать потенциальные эффекты плацебо (34, 35, 38, 42).
Сауна, вероятно, обеспечивает наибольшую пользу для тех, кто еще не имеет высокой кардиореспираторной пригодности. Новое рандомизированное контролируемое исследование показало, что добавление регулярных упражнений сауной вызывает дополнительные полезные изменения в кардиореспираторной пригодности, артериальном давлении и холестерине (43). Тем не менее, эти люди вели сидячий образ жизни и имели, по крайней мере, один фактор риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний.

 Ссылки

1. Rissanen JA, Hakkinen K, Laukkanen JA, et al. Acute Hemodynamic Responses to Combined Exercise and Sauna. Int J Sports Med. 2020;10.1055/a-1186-1716.
2. Li Z, Jiang W, Chen Y, et al. Acute and short-term efficacy of sauna treatment on cardiovascular function: A meta-analysis. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2020;1474515120944584.
3. Laukkanen JA, Laukkanen T, Kunutsor SK. Cardiovascular and other health benefits of sauna bathing: A review of the evidence. Mayo Clin Proc. 2018;93:1111-1121.
4. Laukkanen T, Kunutsor S, Kauhanen J, et al. Sauna bathing is inversely association with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in middle-aged Finnish men. Age Ageing. 2017;46:245-249.
5. Laukkanen T, Laukkanen JA, Kunutsor SK. Sauna bathing and risk of psychotic disorders. A prospective cohort study. Med Princ Pract. 2018;27:562-569.
6. Khamwong P, Paungmali A, Pirunsan U, et al. Prophylactic effects of sauna on delayed-onset muscle soreness of the wrist extensors. Asian J Sports Med. 2015;6:e25549.
7. Kanji G, Weatherall M, Peter R, et al. Efficacy of regular sauna bathing for chronic tension-type headache: a randomized controlled study. J Altern Complement Med. 2015;21:103-109.
8. Oosterveld FG, Rasker JJ, Floors M, et al. Infrared sauna in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. A pilot study showing good tolerance, short-term improvement of pain and stiffness, and a trend towards long-term beneficial effects. Clin Rheumatol. 2009;28:29-34.
9. Hussain J, Cohen M. Clinical effects of regular dry sauna bathing: A systematic review. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018;2018:1857413.
10. Kunutsor SK, Khan H, Laukkanen T, et al. Joint associations of sauna bathing and cardiorespiratory fitness on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risk: A long-term prospective cohort study. Ann Med. 2018;50:139-146.
11. Laukkanen JA, Laukkanen T, Khan H, et al. Combined effect of sauna bathing and cardiorespiratory fitness on the risk of sudden cardiac deaths in Caucasian men: A long-term prospective cohort study. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2018;60:635-641.
12. Rissanen JA, Hakkinen A, Laukkanen J, et al. Acute neuromuscular and hormonal responses to different exercise loadings followed by a sauna. J Strength Cond Res. 2020;34:313-322.
13. Ketelhut S, Ketelhut RG. The blood pressure and heart rate during sauna bath correspond to cardiac responses during submaximal dynamic exercise. Complement Ther Med. 2019;44:218-222.
14. Hunt AP, Minett GM, Gibson OR, et al. Could heat therapy be an effective treatment for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases? A narrative review. Front Physiol. 2020;10:1556.
15. Iguchi M, Littmann AE, Chang SH, et al. Heat stress and cardiovascular, hormonal and heat shock proteins in humans. J Athl Train. 2012;47:184-190.
16. Glazachev OS, Zapara MA, Dudnik EN, et al. Repeated hyperthermia exposure increases circulating brain derived neurotrophic factor levels which is associated with improved quality of life, and reduce anxiety: A randomized controlled trial. J Therm Biol. 2020;89:102482.
17. Huang T, Larsen KT, Ried-Larsen M, et al. The effects of physical activity and exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor in healthy humans. A review. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014;24:1-10.
18. Barletta G, Stefani L, Del Bene R, et al. Effects of exercise on natriuretic peptides and cardic function in man. Int J Cardiol. 1998;65:217-225.
19. Kunutsor SK, Laukkanen T, Laukkanen JA. Sauna bathing reduces the risk of respiratory diseases: a long-term prospective cohort study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2017;32:1107-1111.
20. Ernst E, Pecho E, Wirz P, et al. Regular sauna bathing and the incidence of common colds. Ann Med. 1990;22:225-227.
21. Pach D, Knochel B, Ludtke R, et al. Visiting a sauna: Does inhaling hot dry
22. air reduce common cold symptoms? A randomized controlled trial. Med J Aust. 2010;193:730-734.
23. Tungsukruthai P, Nootim P, Worakunphanich W, et al. Efficacy and safety of herbal steam bath in allergic rhinitis: A randomized controlled trial. J Integr Med. 2018;16:39-44.
24. Brenke R. Das potenzial der sauna im rahmen der prevention;eine undersicht neuerer erkenntnisse. Forsch Komplementmed. 2015;22:320-325.
25. Evans SS, Repasky EA, Fisher DT. Fever and the thermal regulation of immunity: the immune system feels the heat. Nat Rev Immunol. 2015;15:335-349.
26. Podstawski R, Borystawski K, Clark CCT, et al. Correlations between repeated use of dry sauna for 4 X 10 minutes, physiological parameters, anthropometric features, and body composition in young sedentary and overweight men: Health implications. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:7535140.
27. O’Hearn K, Tingelstad HC, Blondin D, et al. Heat exposure increases circulating fatty acids but not lipid oxidation at rest and during exercise. J Therm Biol. 2016;55:39-46.
28. Acheson KJ, Gremaud G, Meirim I, et al. Metabolic effects of caffeine in humans: Lipid oxidation or futile cycling? Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79:40-46.
29. Hodgson E, editor. A textbook of modern toxicology. John Wiley & Sons; 2004.
30. Klaassen, CD, editor. Casarett and Doull’s toxicology: The basic science of poisons. 8th Edition. McGraw-Hill; 2013.
31. Genuis SK, Birkholz D, Genuis SJ. Human excretion of polybrominatd diphenyl ether flame retardants: Blood, urine, and sweat study. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:3676089.
32. Baker LB. Physiology of sweat gland function: The roles of sweating and sweat composition in human health. Temperature (Austin). 2019;6:211-259.
33. Genuis SJ, Lane K, Birkholz D. Human elimination of organochlorine pesticides: Blood, urine, and sweat study. Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016;1624643.
34. Genuis SJ, Beesoon S, Birkholz D. Biomonitoring and elimination of perfluorinated compounds and polychlorinated biphenyls through perspiration: Blood, urine, and sweat study. ISRN Toxicol. 2013;2013:483832.
35. Tretjak Z, Shields M, Beckmann SL. PCB reduction and clinical improvement by detoxification: An unexploited approach? Hum Exp Toxicol. 1999;9:235-244.
36. Schnare DW, Ben M, Shields MG. Body burden reductions of PCBs, PBBs and chlorinated pesticides in human subjects. Ambio. 1984;13:378-80.
37. Kim S, Park JW, Yeon Y, et al. Influence of exposure to summer environments on skin properties. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2019;33:2192-2196.
38. Williams M, Cunliffe WJ, Williamson B, et al. The effect of local temperature changes on sebum excretion rate and forehead surface lipid composition. Br J Dermatol. 1973;88:257-262.
39. David ER, Gerald TL. Excretion of a lipophilic toxicant through the sebaceous glands: A case report. Journal of Toxicology: Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology. 1987;6:13-17.
40. Genuis, SJ, Birkholz D, Rodushkin I, et al. Blood, Urine, and Sweat (BUS) Study: Monitoring and Elimination of Bioaccumulated Toxic Elements. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011;61:344–357.
41. Sears ME, Kerr KJ, Bray RI. Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in sweat: A systematic review. J Environ Public Health. 2012;2012:184745.
42. Lee DH, Porta M, Lind L, et al. Neurotoxic chemicals in adipose tissue: A role in puzzling findings on obesity and dementia. Neurology. 2018;90:176-182.
43. Kerr K, Morse G, Graves D, et al. A Detoxification Intervention for Gulf War Illness: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16:4143.
44. Lee E, Kolunsarka I, Kostensalo J, et al. Effects of regular sauna bathing in conjunction with exercise on cardiovascular function: a multi-arm, randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 2022 Sep 1;323(3):R289-99.